Methodology

Short answer: Every figure on this site links to its source and access date (all collected Oct 2026); anything we could not source is labelled "data pending", and derived numbers show their math.

Last updated: Oct 25, 2026

Solar for EV

Annual output per kW is from the NREL/NLR PVWatts V8 API (1 kW, standard module, fixed open rack, 20° tilt, 180° azimuth, 14% losses, NSRDB PSM V3 TMY weather), run on 2026-10-25 at each city's U.S. Census 2024 Gazetteer interior point because PVWatts no longer accepts addresses. EV energy is DOE's 2,363 kWh/yr household average. Panel size 400 W per EnergySage. Cost uses EnergySage's $2.60/W national average and state $/W (Utah: data pending). PVWatts V8 · EnergySage solar cost · EnergySage panel size

Heat pumps

Installed cost is Rewiring America's national modeled range (source). State HOMES/HEEHRA status is shown only where read on the official state page (NC, IN, GA); elsewhere we link the DOE program page.

Federal tax credits

The federal EV charger credit (section 30C) is not allowed for any property placed in service after June 30, 2026. The federal Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit (section 25C, which covered heat pumps) is not allowed for any property placed in service after December 31, 2025. The federal Residential Clean Energy Credit (section 25D, 30% for solar) is not allowed for any expenditures made after December 31, 2025; an expenditure counts as made when installation is completed. IRS FS-2025-05 (accessed 2026-10-25).

Last updated: Oct 25, 2026. Data was collected in October 2026.

Rule

Every figure on this site links to a source. If we could not find or confirm a figure, we write "not published" or "not available" instead of estimating.

Permit fees

Where we found an EV-specific permit fee (Los Angeles and San Jose), we show it. Where no fee was sourced, the page says "data pending". For other cities we show the 2026 general electrical panel permit fee from PermitCalculator's panel permit data (secondary). That is a stand-in, not an EV charger permit fee.

Utility rebates

Rebate amounts and eligibility come from each utility's program page where available. A few come from third-party sites, marked "secondary". If no current rebate was found, the city page says so and links the utility's page.

Electrician wages

Wages are BLS OEWS May 2025 median hourly wages for electricians (SOC 47-2111), taken from a third-party CSV citing O*NET/BLS (secondary). San Jose shows a BLS mean instead because no median was found; it is not comparable. Wages are what electricians are paid, not what customers are billed.

How cost ranges are computed

We don't compute them. We didn't find a city- or state-specific total installed cost from a reputable public source for any city on this site, so every city page shows the same national range: $749–$2,500 (standard install about $1,700), from Qmerit's 2026 installation data (accessed 2026-10-25). It is labelled as national wherever it appears. The permit fee, rebate and wage on each page are sourced separately.

How cities were chosen

We prioritized states with the most registered all-electric vehicles, using the U.S. DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center light-duty registration counts by state as of 2023-12-31 (e.g. California 1,256,600; Florida 254,900; Texas 230,100; Washington 152,100; New Jersey 134,800; New York 131,300) from AFDC vehicle registration counts (accessed 2026-10-25), plus the size of available utility rebates. Figures we could not source are shown as "data pending".

Secondary sources

"Secondary" means a third-party site, not the official agency or utility. Confirm figures with the official source before relying on them.